Institute for a Sustainable Environment, Clarkson University, Poczdam
ESOF2024 | 12–15 czerwca 2024 | Katowice, Polska
Philip K. Hopke
Philip K. Hopke
Stanowisko i afiliacja
USA Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, USA
BIO
Dr Philip K. Hopke, honorowy profesor emeritus na Clarkson University oraz adiunkt na University of Rochester. Były przewodniczący Naukowego Komitetu Doradczego USEPA ds. Czystego Powietrza oraz były prezes Amerykańskiego Stowarzyszenia Badań Aerozoli (AAAR). Członek International Aerosol Research Assembly [Międzynarodowe Zgromadzenie ds. Bada Aerozoli], Amerykańskiego Towarzystwa Postępu Naukowego (AAAS), Air and Waste Management Association [Towarzystwo ds. Zarządzania Powietrzem i Odapadami] oraz AAAR.
Title of the lecture
Effects of source specific PM2.5 on acute health outcomes in New York State
In prior studies of the changes in acute health outcomes (emergency department visits and hospitalisations for cardiorespiratory diseases) from 2005 to 2016 at 6 urban sites in New York State, it was found that the toxicity per unit mass of PM2.5 had increased for a number of those outcomes. Those effects were commonly associated with oxidative stress and systemic inflammation.
To explore the likely cause(s) for the toxicity increase, PM2.5 composition data from these sites were source apportioned. The sources most commonly associated with rises in toxicity were spark-ignition vehicles (GAS), compression-ignition vehicles (DIE), road dust (RD), and residual oil combustion (RO). These source types are associated with secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation (GAS) or redox-active transition metals (DIE, RD, RO). GAS was likely affected by changes in gasoline vehicle technology and gasoline reformulation that replaced benzene with intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOCs).
The introduction of Tier 3 vehicle emissions controls (similar to Euro 6) on new vehicles sold after January 1 was expected to reduce emissions and related health outcomes. Thus, analyses have been conducted covering the period of 2014 to 2019. Initial findings suggest that the PM2.5 toxicity per unit mass has remained high.
