Institute for a Sustainable Environment, Clarkson University, Potsdam, USA
ESOF2024 | 12–15 June 2024 | Katowice, Poland
Philip K. Hopke
Philip K. Hopke
Position and institutional affiliation
Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, USA
BIO
Philip K. Hopke, PhD, is the Bayard D. Clarkson Distinguished Professor Emeritus at Clarkson University and Adjunct Professor at the University of Rochester. He was the Chair of the USEPA Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee, and the President of the American Association for Aerosol Research (AAAR). Fellow of the International Aerosol Research Assembly, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the Air and Waste Management Association, and the AAAR.
Title of the lecture
Effects of source specific PM2.5 on acute health outcomes in New York State
In prior studies of the changes in acute health outcomes (emergency department visits and hospitalisations for cardiorespiratory diseases) from 2005 to 2016 at 6 urban sites in New York State, it was found that the toxicity per unit mass of PM2.5 had increased for a number of those outcomes. Those effects were commonly associated with oxidative stress and systemic inflammation.
To explore the likely cause(s) for the toxicity increase, PM2.5 composition data from these sites were source apportioned. The sources most commonly associated with rises in toxicity were spark-ignition vehicles (GAS), compression-ignition vehicles (DIE), road dust (RD), and residual oil combustion (RO). These source types are associated with secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation (GAS) or redox-active transition metals (DIE, RD, RO). GAS was likely affected by changes in gasoline vehicle technology and gasoline reformulation that replaced benzene with intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOCs).
The introduction of Tier 3 vehicle emissions controls (similar to Euro 6) on new vehicles sold after January 1 was expected to reduce emissions and related health outcomes. Thus, analyses have been conducted covering the period of 2014 to 2019. Initial findings suggest that the PM2.5 toxicity per unit mass has remained high.
